Supporting Materials for Johnson & Arnold (2021)
Johnson, E., & Arnold, J. E. (2021). Individual differences in print exposure predicts use of implicit causality in pronoun comprehension and referential prediction. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.672109
Elyce Johnson, Jennifer Arnold
The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
OSF page: https://osf.io/fuzp2/ — includes data and audio files for critical stimuli
Abstract:
In three experiments we measured individual patterns of pronoun comprehension (Exps. 1 & 2) and referential prediction (Exp. 3) in implicit causality contexts, and compared these with a measure of participants’ print exposure (Author Recognition Task; ART). Across all three experiments we found that ART interacted with verb bias, such that participants with higher scores demonstrated a stronger semantic bias, i.e. they tended to select the pronoun or predict the re-mention of the character that was congruent with an implicit cause interpretation. This suggests that print exposure that print exposure changes the way language is processed at the discourse level, and in particular, that it is related to implicit cause sensitivity.
Journal Article Link (Open Access)
Johnson&Arnold (2021) Technical Report —this paper describes analyses demonstrating that the ART effect in Johnson & Arnold 2021 (Frontiers) cannot be explained by SES.
Author Recognition Task Stimuli
This revised version of the ART was created by Peter Gordon, with the purpose of including a greater proportion of author names that are familiar to our population (UNC students). Note that our version differs from the Gordon lab version in that it uses the spelling “Kormer” instead of “Kromer” for one nonauthor.
Lauren Adamson, Isabel Allende, Eric Amsel, Carter Anvari, Isaac Asimov, Margaret Atwood, Jane Austen, Margarita Azmitia, Frank Bardin, Reuben Baron, Christopher Barr, Gary Beauchamp, Saul Bellow, Lauren Benjamin, Thomas Bever, Elliot Blass, Harrison Boldt, Hilda Borko, Ray Bradbury, Dan Brown, Jennifer Butterworth, Katherine Carpenter, Willa Cather, Raymond Chandler, Devon Chang, Tom Clancy, Mary Higgins Clark, , Suzanne Collins, Charles Condie, John Condry, Julia Connerty, Diane Cuneo, Clive Cussler, Denise Daniels, Geraldine Dawson, Nelson Demille, Sarah Dessen, Aimee Dorr, W. Patrick Dickson, Umberto Eco, T. S. Eliot, Nora Ephron, Habib Farah, William Faulkner, Frances Fincham, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Martin Ford, Howard Gardner, Ryan Gilbertson, Sue Grafton, John Green, Carla Grinton, John Grisham, Mimi Hall, Ernest Hemingway, Tony Hillerman, Khaled Hosseini, Robert Inness, Kazuo Ishiguro, Lilly Jack, Lena Johns, James Joyce, Kirby Kavanagh, Jonathan Kellerman, Frank Kiel, Stephen King, Susan Kormer, Judith Krantz, Wally Lamb, Reed Larson, Harper Lee, Pricilla Levy, C.S. Lewis, Lynn Liben, Jack London, Robert Ludlum, Alex Lumsden, Hugh Lytton, Bernard Malamud, Frank Manis, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Jennifer Marshal, Sophia Martin, Anne McCaffrey, Morton Mendelson, Stephenie Meyer, James Michener, Margaret Mitchell, James Morgan, Ryan Morris, Vladimir Nabokov, Joyce Carol Oates, Michael Ondaatje, George Orwell, Samuel Paige, Scott Paris, Richard Passman, James Patterson, David Perry, Jodi Picoult, Thomas Pynchon, Ayn Rand, Peter Rigg, Rick Riordan, Veronica Roth, J. K. Rowling, Salman Rushdie, J. D. Salinger, Miriam Sexton, K. Warner Shaie, Robert Siegler, David Singer, Nicholas Sparks, Danielle Steel, Janice Taught, Tracy Tomes, J. R. R. Tolkien, Kurt Vonnegut, Nicole Waugh, E. B. White, Noah Whittington, Ava Wight, Virginia Woolf, Herman Wouk, Allister Younger, Steve Yussen
Appendices with stimuli
Appendix A: Stimuli for experiments 1 and 2 and verb properties
Appendix B: demographic questions
This research was also reported in Elyce Johnson’s masters thesis (which was written while her name was Elyce Williams):
Williams, E. (2020). Language experience predicts pronoun comprehension in implicit causality sentences. master’s thesis. Chapel Hill (NC): University of
North Carolina – Chapel Hill.